Education System Of Canada :

Education in Canada is under the complete jurisdiction of the provinces and territories and as such, there is no federal education system in Canada. In keeping with the national commitment to education, public education in Canada is free up to and including secondary school in all the provinces. However, each provincial system, while similar to the others, reflects its specific regional concerns, and historical and cultural heritage. At the post-secondary level, institutions are divided into community colleges and universities.


There are significant differences between the education systems of the different provinces of Canada. Secondary schooling in Canada could go up to Grade 11, 12 or 13, depending on the province unlike in India, where Grade 12 is standard all over the country.

Post secondary education is offered by four types of educational institutions:

Universities:

Canadian universities are largely public funded, and, as a result, offer consistently high quality education at lower tuition rates for international students than their counterparts in competing countries. They offer a broad range of courses and degrees from undergraduate to doctorate and also certificate and professional degrees.

University Colleges:

As a component of the Canadian university system, university colleges offer students a choice of either academic oriented university degree programmes or the more practical-oriented college diplomas and certificates.

Community colleges and technical institutes: They typically have more vocational-related curricula, with small classes, off-campus course offerings, a greater ratio of laboratory space to class room space, and an interactive teaching style.

Technical/ Career College:

This is a privately owned and operated school with the main objective of preparing students for the job market after a short period of instruction. The emphasis at career colleges is on practical skills over a broad range of programmes.

The academic year usually starts in September and ends in May, and is normally divided into two semesters. Some institutes operate on a semester or trimester system and admit students in January and/or May as well as September. Many institutes offer a limited number of courses and special programmes during the summer session.

Type of Certification:

Certificate is a qualification awarded upon successful completion of a programme which is usually one year in length, and is offered at colleges.

Diploma is the qualification awarded on the basis of one or two year's successful study, and is offered at colleges.

Undergraduate/bachelors degrees are awarded by a university after four years of full-time study, and lead to graduate level studies.

Graduate/post graduate degrees lead to advanced degrees, diplomas and certificates. A pre-requisite to participate in graduate studies is a bachelors/undergraduate degree (4 years).

M.B.A. programmes will typically require a minimum of two to three years of relevant work experience, GMAT score of 580-600, TOEFL score of 560-600, and a 4 year degree, and are generally 2 years in duration, though a few institutes offer a fast track option.

Pre-requisites to participating in a master's programme is a four year bachelor's degree with high academic standing equivalent to a minimum mid-B grade in Canada (mid 70's); at least two academic letters of reference; and other qualifications as specified, i.e., TOEFL, GRE general and/or subject test. Master's programmes generally require two years to complete full time, and usually require a combination of course work and thesis.

Doctorate or Ph.D. is a degree ranking above a master's degree, and generally requires four to seven years to complete full time. A combination of course work, original research, and a thesis is required. Prerequisites are typically a master's degree, although direct entry from a bachelor's degree to a Ph.D. programme may be possible depending on the school and programme. Minimum high-B grade in Canada (high 70's) is required; where relevant, demonstrated research competence equivalent to at least a B+ grade; at least two academic letters of reference; and other qualifications as specified, i.e., TOEFL, GRE general and or subject test.

Post-doctoral programmes are much more specialized, research oriented programmes. One of the most important factors in granting post-doctorate fellowships is the personal network established between the interested applicant and the faculty member within the institution.